Epic Hero Analysis (Odyssey) Essay

What does it take to be an epic hero? To be an epic hero you are required to have five specific qualities. These consist of being human-like, being a confident and courageous solider, nobility, and being in a poem containing supernatural beings that has setting is vast in scope. In the poem the Odyssey, the main character fits the criteria. Odysseus is an epic hero. An important trait to being an epic hero is that the character is involved in a poem complicated by supernatural beings. To sail home in book 12, Odysseus has to navigate through the straits between two monsters, Scylla and Charybdis. As he is coming up on Scylla, he describes her: Her legs-And there are twelve- are like great tentacles, unjointed, and upon her serpent necks are borne six heads like nightmares of ferocity, with triple serried rows of fangs and deep gullets of black death. (12. 46-51) These lines prove that the creature Odysseus is facing is not a human being. It shows that Scylla has 12 tentacles, six heads, and three rows of teeth. No human would have any these characteristics. Not only does an epic hero have to be involved in a poem with supernatural characters, but a poem with a setting vast in scope that involves more than one nation. Odysseus tells the Phaeacians the tale of his wanderings in the beginning of book nine: My home is on the peaked sea-mark of Ithica under Mount Neion’s wind-blown robe of leaves, in sight of other islands- Dulichium, same, wooded Zacynthus- Ithica being most lofty in that costal sea, and northwest, while the rest lie east and south. (9. 10-15) Odysseus explains that he is from Ithica. He also explains that there are other nations around him. They are different than Ithica; like being â€Å"wooded† or â€Å"lofty.† This proves that he is part of a setting that includes a setting vast in scope. Another important trait is that the character has to be of noble birth, high position, and legendary. Many people rely on Odysseus and trust him. He explains to the Phaeacians in book nine, before he begins his big adventure, â€Å"Men hold me/formidable for guile in peace and war:† (9. 8-9). He proves that he has confidence in his authority. He knows his power; how strong and relied on in society. This gives the Phaeacians an idea of how noble and legendary he is. Despite being legendary, an epic hero is also the same as any ordinary man with longings, desires, and weaknesses. When Odysseus arrives at the land of the Cyclopes, his men advise him to snatch some of the food and leave, but to his and his crew’s detriment, he decides to stay, â€Å"Yet I refused. I wished/to see the caveman, what he had to offer-/no pretty sight, it turned out for my friends† (9. 130-132). Though he knew it wasn’t the right thing to do, Odysseus decided to stay. It is a very human-like characteristic to make mistakes. Humans do the things they want sometimes; even if they know it’s not the right thing to do. It shows he can be very much like a normal person at times and though he is trusted to always do the right things, he messes up too. Although epic heroes have human-like features, they are trained warriors and perform courageous and super human deeds for the benefit of others. In book 12, Odysseus knows that the wrath of the monsters, Scylla and Charybdis, lie ahead. Not wanting his men to be afraid and cowardly when they see the monsters, he prepares a speech to prepare them: ‘Friends, have we never been in danger before this? More fearsome, is it now, than when the Cyclops penned us in his cave? What power he had! Did I not keep my nerve, and use my wits to find a way out for us? (12. 143-147) Odysseus proves how heroic he is. He is a strong and intelligent when it comes to dealing with danger. By saying this, he prepares his men not to be afraid and to trust him that everything will be okay, just like all the other times he’s gotten them out of troublesome situations. When they finally reach the monsters, his men don’t chicken out and go forth with what he told them to do. Odysseus is stated to be an epic hero due to the characteristics he demonstrates in the poem the Odyssey. He reveals each of the five requirements needed. He shows he has human-like characteristics, strength, nobility and confidence in his authority throughout his adventures in the Odyssey. With all these features, any character could be an epic hero, just like Odysseus. Works Cited Homer. â€Å"The Odyssey.† The Language of Literature. Eds. Arthur N. Applebee, et.al. Evanston, IL: McDougal Little, 2002. 894-937. Print.

Dream Deferred Essay

What happens to a dream deferred This quote from the famous poem by Langston Hughes, ? A Montage of a Dream Deferred,? represents the core of the play A Raisin in the Sun written by Lorraine Hansberry. When writing this Chicago set drama, Hansberry chose to use a line from Hughes? famous poem to create her title: A Raisin in the Sun. The entirety of the play is about an African American family living in the ghettos of Chicago. Mama, Walter, and Beneatha, three of the play? s main characters, all make their individual dreams known to the readers by stating them various times throughout the play (Kohorn 1). Hughes? poem ponders upon numerous questions that are surely on the readers mind as they venture through this particular play. Although Hughes offered many alternate answers to the question, ? What happens to a dream deferred,? as seen below, Hansberry supports the last view in this poem (Mauro 1): . . . The play depicts many different instances of dreams being ? deferred. In referring to Hughes poem, Walter? s dreams are not only deferred but they also ? sag like a heavy load (Hansberry 1). In addition to this, she also dreams of pursuing a medical education so she can become a doctor (Pink Monkey). These dreams are further destroyed when Mr. Once again, yet another dream has been ? deferred (Hansberry 1). ? The play answers Hughes? first question in his poem, ? What happens to a dream deferred,? by showing the characters reactions to their failing dreams. By now, the family has learned that the ? dream of a house is the most important dream because it unites the family (Kohorn 1). Ultimately, their dreams finally come into realization when they move into their new house. Dreams do not dry up as a raisin in the sun would. For him this would be ? he life? (Mauro 1). As Hughes? poem says, ? Maybe it just sags like a heavy load (Hansberry 1). At the beginning of the play, a determined Beneatha is studying at the local college and presents herself as an intellectual. In one particular case, he explodes on his sister, Beneatha by saying, ? Who the hell told you you had to become a doctor (Mauro 1) As Hughes states in his poem, a dream deferred may ? stink like rotten meat (Hansberry 1,? and to Walter it really does. She also wants the kids to receive a good, solid education.

Face book Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Face book - Coursework Example Since its establishment in 2004, Facebook has added a number of features and applications based on the prevailing trends and user preferences. For example, in 2007, Facebook introduced a feature that allowed friends to gave gifts to friends, post free advertisements and also allowed users to develop their own applications. The trend of adding new features has continued even up to date. For example, as late as February 2014, Facebook launched an application called Paper to be used for delivering news (Phys.org, 2014). Facebook has promised to add more features and applications in order to enhance the experience of the users. Therefore, based on this trend, it is clear that Facebook will continue to attract more users in the future, and hence will remain a dominant force in the social networking market. The projected dominance of Facebook is evidenced by how it managed to outsmart MySpace in 2008. By 2004, when Facebook was being founded, MySpace was the leading social networking site worldwide. However, as of 2008, Facebook had overtaken MySpace and had become the most popular networking site worldwide with the highest number of users. One of the key ingredients in this growth was the ability of Facebook to introduce an Open API platform in 2007 (Jung & Lee, 2011). This platform allowed for group interactions, as opposed to one-to-one communications. Facebook was thus the first site to introduce this type of application, and this had two major advantages. First, both Facebook and MySpace users could interact, and this helped capture some of the MySpace users to Facebook. Secondly, Facebook was able to increase the interactions between its users, and this further facilitated its accelerated growth and eventual outpacing of MySpace in 2008 (Jung & Lee, 2011). Similarly, due to the h igh popularity of Facebook, the interactions it fosters will help it grow its users into the future compared to other social

Lifespan Psychology And Ageing Module Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Lifespan Psychology And Ageing Module - Essay Example According to Belsky and Rossman (2007), We do not lie in isolation. We need to socialize and bond with someone.   To get a good start, an attachment to one's caregiver is important.   Insecure attachments mean trouble for the short term†¦[but] attachment is not stable" (pp. 49).   Attachment can be important in terms of the spectrum of nursing in which a patient must be cared for by his or her health assistant.   It is of paramount importance that the patient knows that he or she can depend upon his or her health assistant.   Without that establishment of trust, no amount of experience or best practices is going to work well within a health care setting.   The course content obviously has various elements that are more important than others.   However, what is paramount to being a health assistant in a nursing home is that these various concepts can be applied to my own situation and the course content has been helpful in terms of being able to deal with a variety of situations.We need to socialize and bond with someone.   To get a good start, an attachment to one's caregiver is important.   Insecure attachments mean trouble for the short term†¦[but] attachment is not stable" (pp. 49).   Attachment can be important in terms of the spectrum of nursing in which a patient must be cared for by his or her health assistant.   It is of paramount importance that the patient knows that he or she can depend upon his or her health assistant.... experience that, generally, people are very particular about the care they receive—and they like for it to remain a private matter as much as possible. According to Gallagher (2008), â€Å"[W]hile private nursing home care is represented as providing choice to older people and their families and as part of a mixed economy of welfare for meeting long-term care needs, it can also be argued that the reliance on private nursing homes to provide care [is mainly a private affair]†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pp. 80). Late adulthood can be a particularly challenging time for an adult, particularly if the person in question must sell all their possessions in order to afford nursing home care. They may have difficulties if they are patients who are not able to care for themselves and cannot function in assisted living units. As a health assistant, it has been my experience that there are several and various types of problems which many adults in nursing home care face, including depression, neglect , and/or loneliness. These issues can be serious if they are not addressed. The topic of loneliness will be discussed more in the next section. IV. What I Have Learned from the Material Covered (175 words) What has been learned from the material covered is so priceless that no one can really put value on such knowledge. From the course material, it has been possible to become a more understanding and compassionate individual as a health assistant—now that an overarching picture of the lifespan and its various dimensions have been presented to me. According to O’Brien (2008), her book â€Å"†¦explains lifespan development from conception to old age, and is supported by Irish facts, research, statistics and context. It introduces and discusses key debates within psychology, such as nature vs. nurture and

AUCA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

AUCA - Essay Example As the author puts it, Florence was a no gone city. Death almost became inevitable to all those who contracted the plague. Dead bodies spread all over the city until churches ran out of space for burying the dead bodies. The solution was to adopt mass graves. Neighbours avoided each other for the fear of contracting the diseases. In fact, some citizens decided to leave the city. It was simply devastating. However, Boccaccio’s choice to introduce his work by this vivid eyewitness account leaves a lot to question especially that the rest of the characters are fictional. In my view, Boccaccio’s decision to introduce Decameron with an eyewitness account was to give the narrative its setting, both time and place. It was certainly written in medieval period and in Florence. This eyewitness account was also to justify the reasons for his characters to leave their city and base their stories in another place. In addition, this eyewitness account serves to add credibility to the author’s stories. For example, it would have been very difficult for him to set grounds as to why the seven women and the three men had to leave their Florence into another city. Furthermore, since this society was traditionally patriarchal, it would have been so hard for Boccaccio to convince his readers the reason as to why the men decided to give up their powers so that they could be ruled by the women. Therefore, the eyewitness account served to exemplify how the plague affected the social set-up of the society such that there was even a reversal of gender roles. The story revolves around Saladin, an Islam sultan and Melchizedek who was a wealthy Jew. Saladin was both generous and easy to lead his people into war. This attributes caused his treasury to run short of money. Saladin only option was to approach Melchizedek in the hope that he would bail him from bankruptcy. Unfortunately, Melchizedek was miser and he would hardly lend Saladin

On Orientalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

On Orientalism - Essay Example Edward Said’s concept of Orientalism is divided into six sections and each of them is summarized below: The Repertory of Orientalism: According to Edward Said there exists an organized form of writing that permeate ‘a kind of repertory of images’ where the East has been depicted as â€Å"a kind of mysterious place full of secrets and monsters† (Said). Historians very often used to refer to â€Å"the Marvels of the East†. These representations have nothing to do with the actual reality. Thus, said argues that one can never find realistic representations of the Orient whether it is in painting, literature, music or in any other art forms. Similarly, the descriptions of the Arabs by experts in books spread the same images whether they are written in the nineteenth or twentieth century. Thus, it can be observed that there is a misconception that the Arabs and the people in the Middle East do not develop like the Westerners. These writings thus portray â€Å"a kind of image of the timeless Orient, as if the Orient, unlike the West, doesnt develop, it stays the s ame† (Said). One can clearly observe that these representations of the orient contradict themselves with history and can be understood as the mere creation of Europeans. Orientalism & Empire: For Said, Orientalism is constructed within ‘the history of imperial conquest’ and for him Napoleons conquest of Egypt in 1798 has paved the way for a ‘new kind of imperial and colonial conquest, that inaugurates the project of Orientalism† (Said). It can be seen that the imperialists who conquered colonies in the East recorded a so-called history of those nations designed for the Europeans rather for the native colonists. On the other hand, one cannot find a Western history that is pioneered or written by the orients. American Orientalism: Said here purports that the American experience of the Orient

Public Intellectual Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Public Intellectual - Essay Example His immense contribution in religious, economic, social and political matters was outstanding. Nelson Mandela like many other intellectuals was a statesman whose credibility can never be left out when writing the history of South Africa and Africa as a whole. His leadership, humility and perseverance, dedication and courage, love for humanity and fair-mindedness are exemplary traits that gives him credit as one of the world’s greatest public intellects. Mandela’s leadership traits rank him among the world greatest. His political wit and economic vision equate him with Abraham Lincoln, Martin Luther King and Winston Churchill. Mandela was a leader dedicated to his countrymen and prioritized their freedom and welfare than his own life (Maanga, 97). In the struggle for South Africa’s independence, he led the ANC as a young man to liberate his country from the hands of the colonial powers. Even after independence and his five year term as the president of South Africa, he still showed the characteristics that made him standout as a leader and father of the nation. According to some famous leaders in South Africa such as Oliver Tambo, Mandela was an inspiration leader who would sacrifice his life for his people. He was a symbol of unity among the Africans in the fight for freedom and against apartheid (Maanga, 98). Mandela possessed the humility and perseverance traits necessary for a leader. Like Martin Luther King in the fight against racism in America, Mandela’s humility in fight against apartheid is appreciated. He endured difficult situations including twenty-seven years imprisonment seeking the freedom of his South African brothers and sisters (Maanga, 97). The imprisonment played an important role of strengthening his call for the eradication of apartheid and freedom of the black people. It is such characters of humility and commitment to his course

How did the spread of Industrial Revolution affect the colonization of Essay

How did the spread of Industrial Revolution affect the colonization of Africa in the late 19th century - Essay Example This invasion developed because of the collapse in slave trade industry, its suppression and eradication, and most significantly the growth and spread of industrial revolution in Europe. This essay tries to explore the impact of industrial revolution on African colonization in the late 19th century. According to Buzan and Lawson (2015), industrial revolution in Europe elevated the demand for more raw materials. Industrialization of all production modes, need for natural resources, human resources, and capital resources became the result of this revolution. Actually, Europe experienced no labor shortage. In addition, in the past two centuries Europeans had ensured great profits since they had been trading with Americans, Asians, and Africans. These profits helped them finance industrial revolution. The European resource was, however poor and thus most industries in Europe depended on raw materials from Africa, America, and Asia. For instance, cotton textile industry was among the earliest European industries that assisted in the stimulation of industrial revolution. The cotton textile industry completely depended on imported cotton. As industrialization developed and spread in the 19th century, European nations began competing for raw materials. Therefore, most European industri alists pressured their governments to consider colonizing African nations so as to create new sources for raw materials: eventually the scramble for Africa begun followed by colonization. Additionally, Buzan and Lawson (2015) assert that industrial revolution created the need for more markets. In the late 19th century, the industrial goods produced by European industries were more than the European market could consume. Therefore, European industrialists decided to seek for markets outside Europe. This created a competition for markets and as this competition grew, the pressure on the European governments to colonize Africa became immense. The pressure

Assam faces huge power crisis Essay Example for Free

Assam faces huge power crisis Essay Guwahati: Assam is facing a severe power crisis after a fall in the generation of power by hydel and thermal power stations. Two transmission towers in neighbouring West Bengal were damaged by a devastating storm, which has also led to the shortage. The state is facing a shortage of 403 Megawatt (MW) of power with the peak load hour power demand being 1100 MW as against the available 497 MW, official sources said today. The problem has been further compounded with the damage of transmission towers due to storm last week in Jalpaiguri district in the neighbouring West Bengal that supplies 300 MW power to Assam, the sources said. The power generating stations in the state have also been affected due to the shortage of gas supply for thermal power stations and less availability of water for the hydel power stations, sources said. The Assam Power Distribution Company Limited (APDCL) has been forced to resort to frequent and prolonged power cuts due to the shortage of power generation, they said. The situation was likely to improve within a couple of days as work was on to restore the transmission towers. However, the gap between the demand and supply of power would continue to exist till the state received adequate rainfall, sources added. Guwahati: Acute power shortage has crippled the functioning of normal life throughout Assam since last couple of days. With the temperature showing a rising trend, the people and their works have suffered because of frequent load shedding resorted to by Assam Power Distribution Company Ltd. Sources informed that shortfall in generation at thermal and hydropower plants in the region has precipitated the severe power shortage in the state. Assam needs 1100 MW of power during the peak hours and there is a sever shortage as only about 700 MW is available these days. Similarly, about 500 MW is available during the off peak hours against the demand of over 700 MW during the off peak hours. The state’s share of power from all the Central Sector Generating Stations (CSGS) of the Northeast is 589 MW for this month. However, because of reduced generation from thermal and hydropower plants in Central Sector Generating Stations the state is getting less power from these plants. The reduction in generation is due to short supply of gas to thermal power plants and less availability of water in hydropower plants. The situation is unlikely to change for better in immediate future . Power crisis has affected works in offices and financial institutions in the state. The worst sufferers are however are the laboratories and Information Technology based organisations as their equipment are mostly power dependent. An official of a research unit of Aaranyak, a premier bio-diversity institution said that their all sophisticated equipment are facing hazards due to frequent power cuts resorted to by the power distribution authority. School children in the state are worst hit by the power scarcity, as frequent power cuts have brought the ceiling fans in their classrooms to a stop. Most of the schools in the stat e suffer a lot as they don’t have any alternative sources of power to suffice the power requirements. Assam facing huge power shortage Following this disruption the state has not been able to draw power from outside the region. Assam is heavily dependent on outside sources as its own generation of power abysmally low. The state is facing 450 MW of power shortage during the peak load hours, while its shortfall during the off peak load hours is around 230 MW. Against the demand of 1100MW during peak hour the state is getting 650 MW. Similarly during off peak hours against the demand of 720 MW the state is receiving was 490 MW. The state power utilities are generating 257 MW of power. Industries like tea are taking the beating following this crisis. Power minister, Pradyut Bordoloi has left for North Bengal to supervise the restoration of two towers which has resulted in the breakdown of the grid connectivity. A team of engineers are accompanying the minister. According to state government, Powergrid has started repair work of towers. We have asked Powergrid to restore the same as fast as possible. The power minister will also review the progress of the 750 MW Bongaigaon Thermal Power Station (BTPS). The first unit of this project is likely to be commissioned by the beginning of next year. Projects being planned A 500 MW coal based power plant at Margherita is envisaged through JV/Own. The acquisition of project land and coal linkage matters is on. Further, with a view of exploiting the vast natural gas stock in Assam, it is envisaged to set up large capacity gas based power project at Amguri. However, currently, the project activities are stalled due to non-availability of gas linkage. A 100 MW Namrup Replacement Power Project (NRPP) is also being implemented to replace the oldest gas turbine units of Namrup Thermal Power Plant operating since 1965. On implementation of thermal projects in central sector like 750 MW NTPC’s Bongaigaon Power Project 740 MW Pallatana Project by OTPC in near future, the state’s allocated power share from these projects shall also go a long way in meeting ever growing demand of energy in the state through a suitable balance of Thermal and Hydel power. Electricity demand in Assam is likely to rise to the level of 2293 MW by the end to Twelfth Five Year Plan from the present demand of 1200 MW Anurag Goel Anurag Goel, Commissioner Secretary, IT Power Departments, Government Of Assam, Dispur The own generation of the Assam Power Generation Company Ltd. (APGCL) is around 320 MW and from the share of the Central Sector Generating Stations (CSGSs) viz. NEEPCO, NHPC along with bilateral power, the total import is around 750 MW, thus the total availability of power now stands at only 1070 MW.

Written Critique Essay Example for Free

Written Critique Essay The above article applies to financial management in terms of attaining the objective of financial management, which is to maximize the wealth of stockholders Brigham and Houston, 2002). The case fact admits the â€Å"pay-for-performance schemes offer potential benefits to shareholders in the form of reducing agency cost by better aligning shareholder and managerial interests. † By analogy, reducing agency costs is one of the concerns of financial management because of possible conflict of personal goals with shareholder wealth maximization and managerial compensation is one of the specific mechanisms to motivate managers to act in the shareholders’ interest. The case fact further admits that said â€Å"systems offer benefits and risks that must be addressed if a system is to be effective†, which is an indication that there is a balancing act that must be done as in the case of effective financial management. In the present case the doctors are being equated with managers of business organization. In business financial management the goal is maximizing shareholders’ wealth while in the case of doctors’ being motivated by providing treatment and follow up plans that could save billions of dollars and prevent unnecessary hospitalizations and deaths, the goals is minimizing health cost for the most effective health maintenance of patients. The doctors may not be working for the interest of health beneficiaries or patients if they are just being paid their fees without any bonus. Such is the very reason why as per case facts, health care plans are adopting pay-for-performance systems whereby doctors are paid cash bonuses for providing treatment and follow up plans that could save billions of dollars and prevent unnecessary hospitalizations and deaths. By analogy, a manager in a business organization must obviously be given a specified salary, which is necessary to meet living expenses, a bonus paid at the end to the year, which depends on the company’s profitability during the year and even options to buy stock, or actual shares of stock, which reward the executive for long-term performance. Managers would more likely to focus on maximizing stock prices if they are themselves stockholders (Brigham and Houston, 2002). In other words, when doctors are being motivated by being given bonus for â€Å"for providing treatment and follow up plans that could save billions of dollars and prevent unnecessary hospitalizations and deaths† they are just like finance manager’s being motivated to produce maximum wealth of stockholder. In health what is measured it attaining good health that would prevent hospitalization and debts while in financial management the goal is increasing the value of stockholder. Like any other activity, providing bonus or incentive must be kept in balance. It cannot be done that a very big bonus should be given to the executive as would amount to depriving the stockholders in their share of the dividends which has the same basis as the bonus, that is, the profits earned the company for the year. It is the very same issue in the instant case, whereby doctors and others are raising concerns over the fairness of pay-for-performance compensation to doctors and patients, allocation of income across doctors, gaming the system, and others in the instant case where it is estimated as per case fact that that the pay-for-performance compensation could account for 20% to 30% of what federal programs to pay providers in the next five to ten years. Bonus of managers then must be reasonable and fair to stockholders. References: Brigham and Houston (2002), Introduction to Financial Management, Thomson South-Western, U. S. A. Case study, Module 1, Written Critique

Students Performance In Rural And Urban Areas Education Essay

Students Performance In Rural And Urban Areas Education Essay Nowadays, education is the most important aspect in society development. School has to play a major role in ensuring the successful of the development. As for students, they need to have good skills and have to be proactive with an appropriate futuristic set of mind. Besides that, students are also need to be active in co curriculum activity along with high academic achievement. The learning environments also have major roles to play in learning and the area where the students lives can determine their performance in their studies. Reasons for the variations in achievement are geographic location, resources, availability of technology and also the quality of teachers. These studies want to investigate the differences between students performance in rural and urban areas. This purpose is to determine whether learning environment or living area is one of the factors that contribute to their low performance. Students performance is their achievements in their studies whether they have l ow or high performance. Urban area relates to the area that are surrounding by cities and it is well populated areas compared to rural area which is sparsely populated areas and it usually farmland or country areas. The learning environments also have major roles to play in learning not only of social studies but of other disciplines in the school curriculum Topic of Interest: The Differences between Students Performance in Rural and Urban Areas Purpose of study: 1) To investigate the differences between students performances in rural and urban areas. 2) To discuss the factors of low performance among students in rural area. 3) To find ways to address the achievement gap differences between rural and urban students. DISCUSSION THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN STUDENTS PERFORMANCE IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS Recent educational research has examined rural and urban differences in their achievement. Many educators, researchers, legislators and the general public believe that students from rural schools mostly receive an education that is inferior compared to the students that live in urban areas. Students background also impact on their performance where we can see that many of the students that lives in rural areas has low academic achievement when we compared it with the students that lives in urban areas. There are many factors that cause to the gap performance between students in rural and urban areas. Students in urban schools get many excess compared to students in rural schools. The National Education Association said that the low performing youth are in public rural schools (Brown Swanson, 2001). The excellent performance of urban students is because of their better quality in their education, availability of the information that they get from various sources like mass media and electronic media, their educated families and peers groups which help them for better performance. They have many advantages and facilities in their education compared to rural students. Students in rural areas less exposed to the outside world and also lack of knowledge about the currents issues that happen. Education is proving to be effective instrument that can raise students self-belief, forethought, self-esteem and self-efficacy. Students that lives in undeveloped village must try to attain the best education for them and do not make their living environment as one of the factors that be a barrier in their success. We also can see that students in rural areas are much less likely to earn a college degree than students of urban areas. The disparity is highest in rural areas where only 8 percent of rural residents over age 25 have a college degree, compared with 16 percent of the residents in urban areas (U. S. Bureau of the Census, 1999). So from these, we can clarify that, there is a gap of performance between students that live in rural and urban areas due to some factors. FACTORS OF LOW PERFORMANCE AMONG STUDENTS IN RURAL AREAS There are many factors that contribute to the differences of performance between students in rural and urban areas. Family Factor At the rural areas, family is one of the factors that determine their child performance. In this study, students in rural areas have low performance compared to students in urban areas because it is relate to their parents education. Majority of parents in rural areas are less educated than parents in urban areas. The family background is the most important and weighty factor in determining the academic performance of learners (Adell, 2002: 91). Survey found that, rural students felt no pressure to attain good performance when their parents expectations towards education were low. Parental encouragement has a positive influence towards their child performance and at rural areas most of parents did not care about their child academic performance. Some experts believe that parent expectations is the most influential factor affecting youth decisions to pursue education (Esterman Hedlund, 1995; Smith, Beaulieu, Seraphine, 1995). Low Socio-economic Factor The students background relate to the low socioeconomic factor of their family also one of the factor that effect their performance in education. Most of the students that live in rural areas come from low income family. Their parents cannot provide them enough educational resources at home. Compared to students at urban areas, the majority of them come from high income families and their parents are afford to sent them to their tuition classes in order to get better performance. Urban students also can buy additional books for their references while for the rural students, they non-exposure to educational resources and it will affect their performance compared to those who have access to such resources. Students who have access to more resources are advantage compared to those from poor families because they can know more about the latest developments around them thus can assist them to improve their performance at schools. Lack of Facilities and Resources Education promotes human capital as an asset that has greater or lower rates of return depend on the quality of education that is provided. Some of the factors that contributing to the poor performance are lack or resources and poor facilities in most schools especially in rural areas. Some of schools in rural areas are dilapidated compared to those in urban areas. The problem regarding unequal distribution of resources between provinces, rural and urban areas are still intact (Motala Pampalis, 2001:56). Several schools in rural areas do not have laboratories and this situation means that students learn science by rote learning. Facilities are important in order to make the teaching and learning process more effective. Students that live in rural areas will less expose to the using of technology because the facilities that were provided for them are not sufficient. This will make their learning process will be less effective and they will have less knowledge about current issues as well as how to use technology. Students in urban areas have many advantages in their learning process and with the advent of technology it will make easier for their study. They will more understanding with their learning with the facilities provided. Less Qualified Teachers Teacher is the important role in order to create good performance students. Most of the teacher did not want to posting in rural area because they think it will bring difficulty to them. So, the majority of teachers that were sent to the rural areas are the new teachers that have less experience in teaching. Awoniyi (1981) remarked that there is a direct relationship between the quality of teaching personnel and the quality of education process. Most of them did not master the teaching technique yet because they are still new in teaching area. When we compared to students in urban areas they usually have a teachers that have good communications skills in English. Most of teachers compete for placement in urban schools. So, rural school will have inadequate teacher and it will make their learning progress disturbed and not running properly. WAYS TO ADDRESS THE ACHIEVEMENT GAP DIFFERENCES BETWEEN RURAL AND URBAN STUDENTS In order to overcome the differences performance between students in rural and urban areas, several ways should be taken. The Role of Government Government has to play a role in improving educational outcomes for rural students. Government should provide enough facilities to the schools that located in rural areas same as the urban schools. Besides that, government also must provide a financial support to the students that lives in rural areas where we know that most of them come from low income families and not affordable to gain a better education and services. Facilities that were provided must be fair and equal treatment should be given to rural schools same like urban schools. In addition, best educators also should be placed in rural schools because they can help students to improve their performance. Good teachers will produce good students. Most important is government should ensure that teachers are adequately qualified to teach the subject that allocated for them and they can do their work properly. Education department also should visit all schools to establish and verify their needs to ensure that resources are al located in line with their needs and status. Role of Parents While the teachers play their role at school, parents should play their roles at home. Although parents in rural areas have no education, they can help their children performance in terms of giving them moral supports and motivation to learn. Even they cannot help in terms of provide resources to learn, they can give a support to their child to study hard to change the fate of their family. Parents should realize how important of education to their child and their future. Parents can always ask their child about their learning progress and accompanied them during doing their work. They also must always care about their child performance and monitor their progress. The Role of Teachers The teacher is an important force in school learning. Teachers also one of the sources that can help in overcomes the problem of low performance among rural students. Teachers can help in encouraging the students to study hard and help them to complete most of their work at school during study time, where students can ask teachers if they do not understand about the lesson. If they are doing work at home, nobody can help them since their parents might not be able to assist because most of parents in rural areas have less education. Teachers should encourage their students to participate in many activities because it will give them the opportunity to build their self-confident and positive self-esteem. Besides that, teacher also can create a caring and supportive environment where students will feel more comfortable during their learning. Good relationship between students and teacher also good in order to improve students performance where when teachers are close with the students, s tudents will feel easy and not shy to ask anything that they do not understand. The Role as a Student The students itself should realize the importance of education in their future lives. If they want a better life in the future they must study hard to get a good performance. Usually students at rural area does not care about their education and most of them dropout from schooling. This is because they do not have motivation in their study and their parents also did not care about their performance. So in order to overcome the gap performance between students in rural and urban areas, rural students should set their mind that education is important to change their lives. When they have a mindset that education is important, they will study hard in order to get a good achievement. CONCLUSION The study presented the differences of performances between students in rural and urban areas. Rural and urban schools are characterized by its unique strength and weaknesses. Rural and urban schools are much the same when it comes to resources and learning environments (EQR, 2003, p.45). Yet there are many variables that affect students achievement and those variables are directly related to whether a school is considered a rural or an urban school. Some factors that contribute to the gap performances between students in these two areas were determined and also recommendations in order to overcome this problem were suggested. Although some recommendations have been highlighted, solutions might not be easy for them. The suggestions for improving the performance among rural students is that they must understand their environment properly, and maintain their inner resources like self-efficacy and self-esteem. From this study we can conclude that, there have differences between students performance in rural and urban schools. Students that lives in urban area will get high performance excel opportunities provided by their location. Urban students have greater access to many resources and therefore have opportunities that are not easily accessible to rural students. Besides that urban parents were more professional and they realize the advantage of education. Parents of rural students were less likely to expect their children to advance their education. From the comparison of this study we can know what the differences between rural and urban schools are.

War :: essays papers

war Day after day on the news we see what the damage that violence has caused. Lots of people in this world think that it would be a better place with out violence, but that most assuredly will not happen. Most violence is horrible and unruly and quite unnecessary, however there are types of violence, which, for lack of a better word, needed. For this I mean Wars, self-defense and entertainment, which are completely necessary and have shaped history. Wars are how people defend themselves on a larger more powerful scale the use national power instead of individual to defend their way of life. Wars are the absolute source of violence nowhere else does it get more violent now that we have the use of the atom and smart weapons. Wars have divided countries and made friends were before they were none. Thousands upon thousands of people English and American alike died in the bloodiest war on American soil. This war conveyed violence at its best and as a result won America the independence we have so long been accustomed to. There is no way to try and call this revolutionary act needless or unwanted. No one that is alive today can remember anything about the American Revolution, except of what they read in books and so forth. Many books on the American Revolution give facts in great detail and depth, but they do not convey the brutality and the harshness that accord there. A far cry from the Revolutionary War is the Entertainment Business, particularly wrestling and Action movies. Television stations are littered with advertisements for the up coming wrestling events and new hit action suspense movies, both of which show little blurbs of people getting body slammed or blown up or even killed depending on the source but there is one thing they share, they all use violence in there advertisements. People today like seeing this type of thing, they pay top dollar to go to see their favorite wrestler and or movie star perform. At any wrestling venue you can see thousands of people waving and yelling at people they like and dislike, for them it is a release of emotions and a good time for all. People need shows and things of this nature to help people relax and let loose some of there pent up anger and aggression, plus it feels good to.

Oppression in Cry Freedom Cry, the Beloved Country :: Cry the Beloved Country Essays

Oppression in Cry Freedom   Cry, the Beloved Country  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      For years the government of South Africa suppressed its black population. Oppression that wasn’t deserved, oppression based on difference in color. In both of these works, the cries of South Africa were heard. The cries of the black people that are the foundation of South Africa, the blacks that were the heart of what South Africa was all about. In both stories, there is the fact that the only way to change your ways sometimes has to come through suffering. In Cry Freedom, we   see change through extreme suffering in the character of Donald Woods. Woods starts out in the movie as being not really open to the ideas of black consciousness. He sees them as only getting the blacks into more trouble. After meeting Biko, he starts to warm up to the ideas the blacks hold precious, but when Biko dies, Woods becomes a whole new man. Immediately, Woods begins to notify the public about how these blacks are being treated. He changes the way he goes about fighting for the rights of the blacks. Before, he only stood behind the black population of South Africa. After Biko’s death, he leads them. He is looked down upon by most whites, and hate crimes, like when the police came to his house and shot through the windows,   are committed against him and his family. Yet still, he fights. He moves his whole family away and writes a book to help the plighted blacks in South Africa. After Biko’s death, he begins to see himself as the only o ne who can continue Biko’s hope for South Africa. In Cry, the Beloved Country, every character involved goes through severe suffering and it leads to change. Kumalo goes through tremendous suffering, with the death of his son. He has to face it, and begin to understand the many problems in the lives of the black population in South Africa. He leaves Johannesburg   with a new and improved view on the changes taking in place in the South Africa that he used to know. We see Kumalo’s change after he returns to Ndotsheni. â€Å"Kumalo began to pray regularly in his church for the restoration of Ndotsheni. But he knew that was not enough. Somewhere down here upon the earth men must come together, think something, do something†(Paton 263). He now realizes that praying isn’t enough, that he has to work toward making South Africa a better place.

External and Internal Environment Essay

Walgreens in one of the largest drugstore chains in the United States. Walgreens has always maintained a simple strategy. Although the strategy changed over the years to mention newer innovations, the basic principles of the strategy have remained similar. It has become more than just your ordinary pharmacy it invest heavily in high tech store and distribution systems which drive service up and costs down, and offer an on-line drugstore web site totally integrated with other retail stores. Walgreens also have three Pharmacy Care Call Centers one in Alabama, Florida, and in Tuscan. Choose the two (2) segments of the general environment that would rank highest in their influence on the corporation you chose. Assess how these segments affect the corporation you chose and the industry in which it operates. I believe that the two segments of the general environment that would rank highest in influence for Walgreens are the two segments, demographic and technological. If I were to be honest, I believe that all of these segments are important to the success of a drugstore, but because the question asked for which ones I considered being the highest I chose these two. Let me go into details to explain my reasoning for choosing these two. The reason why I choose the demographic segment is because demographics play an important role in mostly every corporation. Marketers can use the variables that make up demographics to create a demo graphic profile, which helps provide them enough information to create a mental picture of who the typical members of society are. Once these profiles have been constructed, they can be used to develop a marketing plan and strategy. The five types of demographics that corporations focus on for their marketing are age, gender, income level, race, and ethnicity. As humans, our bodies are prone to get sick every now and then, and when it does we most likely have to rely on taking medicine to get over the illness. It does not matter if it is over the counter or prescription medicine, we just need something to rid us of the illness. That is when we most likely  turn to the drugstores to purchase our medication, such as Walgreens. However, while we are there to just go get our medicine, the store has much more merchandise to offer than just that. They have stuff that touch on almost every type of demographics, from: having merchandise for different ages, having products for each gender, cheaper brands of prescription medicine for their lower income customers, and much more. Considering the five (5) forces of competition, choose the two (2) that you estimate are the most significant for the corporation you chose. Evaluate how well the company has addressed these two (2) forces in the recent past. Of the five forces of competition, the intensity of existing rivals within the industry. The retail drug industry contains many companies, but the most notable are Wal-Mart, CVS, and Rite Aid. These are just a few of Walgreens’s competitors there are other stores like Kmart, Target, Publix and different grocery store pharmacy chains. Pharmaceuticals are a high demand industry, with fairly high margins. The margins are decreasing, and competition constantly adapts to changing approaches. Many competitors now choose to handle customer interaction on the web. Many people have started to do mail orders because it is cheaper for them. Also, insurance companies find it cheaper for the consumer to do mail orders then going into the actual store. The only thing is that some of the mail orders do not make it in time, which causes the consumer to still have to deal with an actual pharmacy. At Walgreens call center they have a mail order department that assist the consumer with mail orders. Walgreens have these call center to be able to assist more consumers then their compe titors. The second of the five forces that is the most significant for Walgreens would be the bargaining power of suppliers. The textbook states, â€Å"The bargaining power of suppliers refers to the ability of suppliers to raise input prices, or raise the costs of the industry in other ways-for example, by providing poor quality inputs or poor service.†(Hitt, Ireland, and Hoskisson p.54)The generic market has a lot more bargaining power. If a generic manufacturer decides not to sell to a particular retailer, then the stores could easily pick another generic supplier. Generic drugs have less exclusivity than prescriptions, so suppliers must give-in to the chains’ demands. There are so many medications that you once had to have a  prescription for that are over the counter drugs now will hurt the prices on the generic drugs. Walgreens and other pharmacies have come up with ways that customer can save money on prescriptions by offering prescriptions savings cards for people tha t do not have insurance. Wal-Mart, CVS, and Target offer certain medications at discounted prices. With the same two (2) forces in mind, predict what the company might do to improve its ability to address these forces in the near future. In the future Walgreen needs to be able to sell their medication at a cheaper price then all of its competitors. The only thing about this is that some customers have learned that some medication that are manufacturer by different companies do not work as well as others. Regardless if it is brand or generic customers will ask for medication by certain manufacturers. While trying to lower prices for consumers the pharmaceutical have to make sure that the medication is working for the consumer. Not having the most requested manufacturers could cause a business to lose business therefore you have to make sure the stock is complete with medication that people need on demand. Assess the external threats affecting this corporation and the opportunities available to the corporation. Give your opinions on how the corporation should deal with the most serious threat and the greatest opportunity. Justify your answer. In the highly competitive prescription drug market, Walgreen’s biggest threats come from its intertype competitors. With them no longer competing just against other drug stores and pharmacies, retailers such as grocery stores and discounters are starting to increasingly proving to be quite the formidable competitors. Discounters especially, are proving an to be quite a threat when it comes to prices. The emphasis on low cost and economies of scale possible through large companies such as Wal-Mart, mean that Walgreens cannot compete against discounters and their prices. Walgreens is also at a disadvantage compared to their retail competitors, such as Target and Wal-Mart, because retailers carry a much broader assortment with significantly more SKUs and that they also have more consumers who visit the store on a regular basis.† It is estimated that 138  million Americans shop at Wal-mart weekly and that they find it more tempting to go and fill their prescriptions there as well, so that they can meet all their needs in one place† (Lasnti, 2005). Although Walgreens itself does consist of more than just medicine, their assortment of products comes nowhere as close as Wal-Mart and other popular retailers, so they just cannot compete against them in that department. Furthermore, Walgreens’ reliance on prescription drugs, a highly regulated and controlled entity, makes it vulnerable to changes in laws and regulation. This is exemplified by recent changes to Medicare prescription drug plans which, while on one hand made the price of prescription drugs the same for consumers no matter where they chose to purchase it, also further regulated dispensing fees thereby decreasing profit margins for shops, like Walgreens. While Walgreens has not been impacted too adversely by these changes, the aging of the Baby Boomer generation and concerns over the future of Medicare mean that further reform will be a topic of continuous debate. Under these circumstances additional modifications and reforms which may potentially 12 reduce the profitability of prescription drugs are not unexpected. Walgreens relies heavily on prescription drug sales, and dependence on a category whose regulation is mainly beyond its control leaves it vulnerable. As for opportunities, it appears as if Walgreens greatest opportunities to increase their sales lie in changing composition of American population. With the Baby Boomer generation on the verge of hitting a significant demographic shift, they will surely impact the pharmaceutical industry more than any other. â€Å"In fact, Walgreens expected a 30% increase in demand from their senior customers’ prescriptions in years on down† (Merrick, 2006).† They had a good reason to think so since 30% of prescriptions and 42% of sales revenue from it came from seniors in 2002, and they were expected to expand up to 95 million by the time it was 2010 (â€Å"SIC 5912,† 2006). Increase for the demand of prescription drugs, which is Walgreens’ largest category and is most known for, potentially means an increase in sales and profit for the company. Further opportunities that Walgreen has is to benefit from lies in international markets. Currently in the United States, only domestic businesses in the market have become saturated, and Walgreens will be forced to look internationally for expansion. While cultural differences and government regulations will likely prove challenging given Walgreens’ nature of its business, international markets provide significant opportunities for expansion in the market. Furthermore, there other main competitors that falls into the same category as them, such as Rite Aid and CVS, have yet to enter the international markets. Beating these competitors to reaching and entering into international markets could ensure that Walgreens stays a step ahead and remain the market leader of the three. This would also help Walgreens stay competitive against the larger chains, such as the ever popular Wal-Mart, with many of them already having a significant presence in the international market. REFERENCE Merrick, A. (2006, June 21). Walgreens found way to profit drug plan. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved February 2, 2014 from LexisNexis Academic database on the World Wide Web:http:0web.lexisnexis.com.oasis.oregonstate.edu/universe/document?_m=402elf7d8438 â€Å"SIC 5912 Drug Stores and Proprietary Stores.† (2006). Referenceforbusiness.com.Retrieved February 2, 2014 from http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/industries/Retail- Trade/Drug-Stores-Proprietary-Store. Hitt, M., Ireland, R. D., & Hoskisson, R. (2013). Strategic Management – Concepts and Cases. Mason: Cengage Learning.

Pre-Med Seniors Preparing For Medical School

Tobin Robinson, Thalia Mulvihill, and Amanda O. Litz joined together to compose ‘Bound and Determined: Perceptions of Pre-Med Seniors Regarding Their Persistence In Preparing For Medical School.† Students are being examined on their different perceptions of studying and preparing for medical school placement exams. Studies show that classes are viewed on the values of where they contribute to their fields of study while the results of different perceptions are preparing students for further learning. Mulvihill begins by expressing how â€Å"much attention has been placed on factors such as science confidence and aptitude development, as well as persistence through difficult courses or academic programs.† (Weimar, 2012) In this approach, such topics can assist the student in understanding the factors that contribute to the high volume that may eventually change their academic focus. It is stated that â€Å"beginning students often predict they will receive a much higher course grade in introductory biology than what their current marks in the course would predict, and this trend occurs even when the instructor is transparent about the course grading process.† (Robinson, 224) There were also studies done on different programs that are characterized by an intense , short course span, consisting of only a few weeks of course instruction that consist for a certain number of hours a day. These classes were found to be successful in teaching science to a community college of students, especially those who involved shifting focus from lecture to active student learning, developing student leadership skills, and democratizing learning. (Lloyd & Eckhardt, 2010) Similar studies relating to the medical school admissions and underrepresented populations have found that certain medical school requirements, such as the MCAT, often hinder minority groups from medical school acceptance. (Henry, 2006) The MCAT has been a major hurdle for students seeking admissions to medical schools for a vast majority of years. In other words, this assessment can be categorized as a placement test into the student's desired medical school. Because of the extreme importance of test scores in school admissions, many students take the time to prepare through a private course that is, in no way, affiliated with their college or university. These courses will fall as the greatest way to prepare the collegiate senior in medical school acceptances. In Robinson, Mulvihill, and Litz's article in Bound and Determined: Perceptions of Pre-Med Seniors Regarding Their Persistence In Preparing For Medical School, the authors are gathering information and creating methods to prepare Pre-Medical college seniors for Medical school by assigning assessments and providing practices to be admitted into a collegiate medical program.

Female Skeletal Maturation Evaluation Health And Social Care Essay

Abstraction: The purpose of this survey was to look into the interrelatednesss between skeletal adulthood indexs of manus carpus radiogram, inframaxillary eyetooth calcification phases and cervical vertebrae ripening as seen on orthopantomograph and sidelong cephalogram and besides to correlate them with chronological age. The samples were derived from dental panoramic, sidelong cephalogram and hand-wrist radiogram of 173 female topics. The CVM was assessed utilizing the method developed by Julian vocalist, the hand-wrist ripening was assessed utilizing the method developed by Fishman and Calcification of the inframaxillary eyetooths was rated harmonizing to the system of Demirjian. Statistical analysis of the information was performed with computing machine package and the interrelatedness between all the three methods was analyzed utilizing â€Å" qi † square trial. Based on the recorded information from the present survey the undermentioned decisions possibly drawn: Phase I I of manus carpus radiogram coincides with phase F of eyetooth calcification and Acceleration phase of cervical vertebrae ripening. Stage III of manus carpus radiogram coincides with phase G of eyetooth calcification and passage phase of cervical vertebrae ripening. Stage V of manus carpus radiogram coincides with phase H of eyetooth calcification and slowing phase of cervical vertebrae ripening. Cardinal Wordss: Cervical vertebral ripening ; Hand-wrist ripening ; Skeletal adulthood ; Chronological age.IntroductionBiologic age, skeletal age, bone age, and skeletal ripening are about synonymous footings used to depict the phases of ripening of a individual. Sexual ripening features, chronologic age, dental development, tallness, weight, and skeletal development are some of the more common means that have been used to place phases of growing. Because of single fluctuations on timing, continuance and speed of growing, skeletal age appraisal is indispensable in explicating feasible orthodontic intervention plans.1 To maximise the curative consequence, unluckily a low correlativity has been found between general skeletal adulthood and facial growing as measured by common parameters.2 The standard method of measuring skeletal adulthood has been to utilize a manus carpus radiogram to compare the castanetss of an person ‘s hand.3-5 To avoid taking an extra X ray, nevertheless, some research workers have sought to associate ripening with dental and skeletal characteristics other than the castanetss in the manus wrist.2 Lamparski in 1972 found that cervical vertebrae, as seen on everyday sidelong cephalogram were as statistically and clinically dependable in measuring skeletal age as handwrist technique.2 & A ; 6 Dental development indexs are non dependable forecasters of an person ‘s phase of skeletal development.7-18 Because there is broad fluctuation among persons in the timing of the pubertal growing jet, chronologic age can non besides be used in the rating of adolescent growth.19-25,35 Skeletal adulthood is influenced in each person by a combination of familial and environmental factors. The ossification sequence and timing of the skeletal adulthood within the hand-wrist country show polymorphism and sexual dimorphism, which can restrict their clinical prognostic use.26-32, 36MATERIALS AND METHODSThe sample was derived from pre intervention orthopantomograph, sidelong cephalogram and manus wrist radiogram of 173 female patients from the section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics , Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere. The topics were seeking orthodontic intervention and were representatives of the general population that might be expected to profit from the consequences of this probe. A sum of 173 patients aged from 8-15 old ages were taken and they were chronologically divided into 8 groups, each dwelling of minimal 20 topics. All the patients included in the survey were females. A sidelong cephalogram, orthopantomograph and manus carpus radiogram taken on the same twenty-four hours were used for this survey. All the radiogram were taken with same x-ray equipment at the same distance and strength. The records were evaluated by the same operator. Skeletal adulthood indexs were assessed from the manus carpus radiogram by Julian Singer ‘s standards. Skeletal adulthood indexs assessed were the ossification phases of 2nd figure proximal phalanx, 3rd figure center and distal phalanx, the ossification of adductor sesamoid and ossification of maulerss of unciform bone, pisiform, ulna and radius. Calcification phases of inframaxillary eyetooth were determined from the orthopantomographs based on Demirijians phases of tooth calcification. Cervical vertebrae ripening of the sample were evaluated by the Hassel & A ; Farman alteration of Lamparski ‘s standards, which assesses maturational alterations of the II, III and IV cervical vertebrae. Radiographs of each patient were analyzed by utilizing computing machine, Scanner and Printer. The radiogram were ab initio scanned image of these radiograms as seen on the computing machine proctor was analyzed and a printout of the same was taken on the DTP paper through the Laser pressman. The illation of each was mentioned on the printouts along with patients name, age and sex. After obtaining the above mentioned printouts, comparing and correlativity of the three different methods and with the chronological age was evaluated subsequently.ConsequencesThe interrelatedness between the manus carpus radiogram, laniary calcification and cervical vertebrae ripening were analyzed statistically by â€Å" qis † square analysis and the undermentioned consequences were obtained.The frequence of happening of skeletal adulthood indexs with laniary calcification phases are:Hand carpus OPG Percentage Stage – I ( Early ) Stage – Tocopherol 47 % Stage – II ( Pre pubertal ) Stage – F 70 % Stage – III ( Pubertal Onset ) Stage – Gram 73 % Stage – IV ( Pubertal ) Stage – Gram 53 % Stage – V ( Pubertal Deceleration ) Stage – Hydrogen 75 % Stage – VI ( Growth Completion ) Stage – Hydrogen 68 %The frequence of happening of skeletal adulthood indexs with cervical vertebrae ripening phases are:Hand carpus Lateral Ceph. Percentage Stage – I ( Early ) Stage – I 58 % Stage – II ( Pre pubertal ) Stage – Two 60 % Stage – III & A ; IV ( Pubertal Onset & A ; pubertal ) Stage – Three 71 % & A ; 72 % Stage – V ( Pubertal Deceleration ) Stage – Four 52 % Stage – VI ( Growth Completion ) Stage – Volt 71 %The frequence of happening of cervical vertebrae ripening phases with laniary calcification phases are:Lateral Ceph. OPG Percentage Stage – I ( Initiation ) Stage – Tocopherol 47 % Stage – II ( Acceleration ) Stage – F 58 % Stage – III ( Transition ) Stage – Gram 63 % Stage – IV, V & A ; VI ( Deceleration, ripening & A ; completion ) Stage – Hydrogen 61, 95 & A ; 50 %DiscussionThe growing factor is a critical variable in orthodontic intervention. A intervention program can change from orthognathic surgery to extraction of dentitions to non extraction of dentitions, depending on the growing factor. Genetic and racial diverseness and other environmental influences have a pronounced consequence on the rate of development of the prepubertal and pubertal growing of the kid. A more accurate appraisal of the physiologic development can be made by utilizing radiographic scrutiny of the calcified constructions in the manus wrist.21 Numerous efforts has been made in the yesteryear to measure the dental age by finding either the figure of teeth nowadays in the unwritten pit or by surveies based on calcification of multiple dentition. Given the good established relationship between skeletal and bodily adulthood, phases of inframaxillary eyetooth calcification can be used as ca foremost level diagnostic tool to gauge the dental age. This toot h in peculiar has enjoyed equal importance, since its phases of calcification provide a readily recognizable indicant of the adulthood position in an individual.27 Relationship between the phases of tooth mineralization of inframaxillary eyetooth appears to co-relate better with ossification phases than the other dentition. On the other manus the usage of cervical vertebrae to find skeletal adulthood is non new. The maturational alterations of cervical vertebrae as seen on sidelong cephalogram are clinically dependable in measuring skeletal age. Knowledge of these phases of ripening that a kid has attained aids in measuring his/her patterned advance through developmental position. This information bears great clinical importance in placing the optimum clip for prompt orthodontic direction of child.14 The intent of this survey was to supply the orthodontist with an extra tool to assist find growing potency in the adolescent patient. This was o be accomplished by utilizing anatomic alterations of the cervical vertebrae observed on the sidelong cephalogram and eyetooth calcification phases as seen on the OPG. By utilizing routinely taken diagnostic radiogram the orthodontist would hold a dependable diagnostic tool to assistance in explicating intervention options. The present survey investigated the relationship between the skeletal adulthood indexs in manus carpus radiogram, laniary calcification and cervical vertebrae ripening phases. The survey besides compared the relationship between chronological age and assorted skeletal adulthood indexs. This survey consists of 173 female topics with the age group runing from 8-15 old ages, and the undermentioned findings were obtained phase II of manus carpus radiogram coincided with phase F of eyetooth calcification and Acceleration phase of cervical vertebrae ripening. These findings were in conformity with the survey conducted by Sandra Coutinho.10 On the other manus the relationship with cervical vertebrae ripening were in conformity with the survey conducted by Hassel and Farman in which phase II is in correlativity with skeletal adulthood indexs like breadth of epiphysis is every bit broad as shaft of 5th finger in-between phalynx. Stage III of handwrist radiogram coincides with phase G of eyeto oth calcification and passage phase of cervical vertebrae ripening. Stage V of manus carpus radiogram coincides with phase H of eyetooth calcification and slowing phase of cervical vertebrae ripening. Canine calcification findings were in understanding with the surveies conducted by Chertkow and Fatti.12DecisionBased on the recorded information from the present survey the undermentioned decisions can be made. Stage II of manus carpus radiogram coincided with phase F of eyetooth calcification and Acceleration phase of cervical vertebrae ripening. Stage III of handwrist radiogram coincides with phase G of eyetooth calcification and passage phase of cervical vertebrae ripening. Stage V of manus carpus radiogram coincides with phase H of eyetooth calcification and slowing phase of cervical vertebrae ripening. The ability to accurately measure skeletal adulthood from inframaxillary eyetooth calcification and cervical vertebrae ripening, without the demand for extra radiogram, has the potency to better orthodontic diagnostic and curative determinations. The techniques simpleness and easiness of usage should promote these methods as first degree diagnostic tool to measure skeletal adulthood.

Neurosurgery

Surgeons, one of the many Jobs that utilize chemistry skills in order to succeed in the field is a field of science that I am most interested in and I believe that taking AP Chemistry will only strengthen the skills I need in order to become a surgeon. The type of surgery that most interests me would be the surgery relating to the brain/ spinal cord named neurosurgery.Within the field of surgery, neurosurgery, which Is a branch of surgery that specializes In brain surgery/spinal cord surgery, Is relatively nouns and It has evolved Into an Independent surgical specialty only during the past century, developing from general surgery (Columbia Neurosurgeons). They are the highest paid of all surgeons, with Incomes that can reach as high as $800,000 annually.Average annual compensation: $765,321 according to the 201 3 MAGMA survey of 201 2 Income (Santiago). Also the Job outlook for surgeons Is 18%, which Is faster than average which Is a perk of becoming a surgeon as the demand for surge ons is growing at an exponential rate (Bureau of Labor Statistics). I also want to become a neurosurgeon because since the brain is the most unknown organ of the body, in fact it is believed that humans only use 10-25% of their brain (MS).In conclusion, the main reason I signed up for AP Chemistry is that medicine is an excellent career choice and careers in this area are often high paying, and there is a shortage (and a forecasted shortage) of candidates for these jobs. Works Cited Bureau of Labor Statistics, U. S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2014-15 Edition, Physicians and Surgeons, n. . Web. 26 June 2014. . Santiago, Andrea. â€Å"Surgeon Career Profile – Overview of Surgeons' Careers and Surgery Jobs. † About. Com Health Careers. About. Com, n. D.Web. 26 June 2014.. Columbia Neurosurgeons. Healthiness, n. D. Web. 26 June 2014.. Smelling, Robert. â€Å"How Much of the Brain Do We Really Use? † MS Healthy Long. Microsoft, n. D. Web. 26 June 2014.. Spinal cord named neurosurgery. Within the field of surgery, neurosurgery, which is a branch of surgery that specializes in brain surgery/spinal cord surgery, is relatively nouns and it has evolved into an independent surgical specialty only during the past highest paid of all surgeons, with incomes that can reach as high as annually.Average annual compensation: $765,321 according to the 2013 MAGMA survey of 2012 income (Santiago). Also the Job outlook for surgeons is 18%, which is faster than average which is a perk of becoming a surgeon as the is a shortage (and a forecasted shortage) of candidates for these Jobs. Works Cited Shimmering, Robert. â€Å"How Much of the Brain Do We Really Use? † MS Healthy Living.

Champion Of The World English Literature Essay

Champion Of The World English Literature Essay Throughout the years, sports have become a major part of society. It has been known to bring out the best and worst of people. People usually go after a team from their home town or teams with the same ethnic background. It has often been learned that, from this, language barriers begin to cross each other, and prejudices develop. Maya Angelou’s â€Å"Champion of the World† is much more than a chapter in a book. It represents much more than a boxing victory. During the 1930’s, people of ethnic groups, especially Blacks, were not worth much. When Angelou stated, â€Å"Champion of the world. A Black boy. Some Black mother’s son.† (Paragraph 27), this defined struggle. This battle against the White Contender was not your ordinary victory. The victory would exemplify the Blacks, not only defeating a White man and it being okay, but also would portray an aspect of Blacks defeating the system. For once in their lives, it gave African Americans a sense of empowerment. This was their first step of defense, where no repercussions would be taken in exchange for victory. â€Å"If Joe lost we were back in slavery and beyond help. † â€Å"My race groaned. It was our people falling†. (Paragraphs 16 and 17).[Reference?] These two quotes represent struggle and years of pain. They knew what it was like to experience violence first hand. It was not a myth nor story they heard about, they felt the pain on a daily basis. Not only would this defeat be a lost for Louis, but it would represent defeat to the entire Black culture. If this were to happen, Maya Angelou said it herself, Blacks were helpless. To them, it was back to torture, inferiority, pain, and suffering. To the Whites it would be accomplishment, defeat, superiority, and power. As stated before, this defeat was a mere symbol of Blacks regaining strength after all they had been through over the years; however, this did not defeat the purpose that racism still existed. In the last paragraph of this chapter in the book, it talked about the precautions Blacks would have to take after the victory of Joe Louis. Even though Louis’ defeat against the White Contender gave him the title as â€Å"Heavy Weight Champion of the World†, it also was now a risk for Blacks. Mentioned earlier, at the time, racism still existed. Racism is prejudice plus power: meaning, because the Whites had prejudice against any other ethnic group, and they possessed a power that came from the simple privilege of being White. If at any time Whites felt disrespected, they had the â€Å"right† to reprimand them at any cost. This is only portion of the violence occurring in and around 1930. In the opening paragraph of this paper, it gives the introductory opinion. Over the years, sports have become the core to many people in society. It can either better a person and/or society or worsen them. In other words, a person can look at competitiveness at a positive or neg ative approach. As far as positive competitiveness is concerned, it can be looked upon to better a person. It can also be detrimental, literally speaking. Too many times in society today, people take sports to the extreme. There has been many instances where people have even lost their lives as a result of a bet on the victory of a game, or even the preference one has over the other. Sports have an immense influence over culture and society then and now. For example, the victory of Joe Louis was more than a victory. It was symbolic to the African American culture and society. It gave them pride, and for many who have never experienced anything like this, it was a first. This is only one example of the influence sports have on culture.

Analytical Report on the core reasons for the dilution of the Assignment

Analytical Report on the core reasons for the dilution of the Singaporean spirit in youths and for them being uncomfortable in t - Assignment Example The most recent estimates place foreigners claiming at least 40 percent of the Singaporean labor force and more than a quarter of the 5 million residents registered in Singapore. (Chong 2010, p. 145) This phenomenon is not entirely surprising and is actually demonstrated in the experiences of countries who have adopted the same strategy – that of actively attracting immigration and pursuing foreign workers. The resulting multiculturalism and plurality in their respective societies have generated problems especially for native citizens. The seemingly universal consequence of this phenomenon is explained by the following perceptions: It is believed that the influx of foreign immigrants would mean less political and economic opportunities for the native citizens; Immigration erodes traditions and a nation’s way of life; Language and other cultural artifacts are endangered; Immigration would lead to a lowered quality of life, low standards in education, and so forth. (Hirsc hman, Kasinitz and DeWind 1999, p. 394) Most of the concerns that have been outlined above are actually valid. For instance, the sheer number of foreign residents in Singapore can hold hostage the government with regards to some policy issues by simply refraining to work. An excellent example is when a group of 100 Bangladeshi migrant workers gathered outside Singapore’s labour ministry, protesting for the release of their severance salary. (Reuters 2009) The protesters were not arrested and no further reports were made as to what the government did especially given the fact that Singapore has strict laws against this kind of activities. Writing for Temasek Review, a Singaporean, Fang Zhi Yuan (2010), questioned this development, stating: â€Å"Singaporeans will be wondering why the foreign workers are not arrested for assembly in a public area which can potentially lead to social unrest and disorder while the government and media often kick up a ruckus over a couple of loca ls committing the same deed.† The political consequence of having a sizable number of constituents that come from elsewhere is indeed a threatening prospect for Singaporeans. This is also true in other areas such as the economic and cultural. The prevailing opinion is that these mass of foreign workers brought with them an equally sizable coterie of customs, beliefs, culture, point of view and so forth that could potentially clash with the native’s own. On the other hand, it is also important to underscore that some adverse reactions and perceptions towards immigration or the government’s policy to invite more foreign workers are misplaced. For instance, there is the myth about the damage to economic opportunities for Singaporean. As Senior Minister Goh Chok Tong, in his speech at the NTU Students Union Ministerial Forum last October 2010, foreign labor is crucial in the overall health of Singapore’s economy. Then, there are also the misconceptions about m ulticulturalism.

Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Politics - Essay Example For one, expending tax payers’ money to sponsor such ends when America is still grappling with debt and is still reeling from the ravages of global economic recession betrays only the execution of misplaced priorities. Secondly, American schools are primarily supposed to be learning centers helping to inculcate life and professional skills among students. While a comprehensive learning curriculum should factor reproductive health, it should basically teach about reproductive health and leave the issuance of such services to the family institution (Coombs, 275). Again, the idea that (NYC) students under the age of 18 years can be provided with birth control pills and condoms without parents’ engagement is as preposterous as it is obnoxious. Parents ought to be involved or at least informed about underage students making such serious decisions. Finally and above all, such a move is tantamount to subtle consent to the idea that sexual restraint is impossible and it significantly but indirectly lowers the age of (sexual) consent. The best way of facilitating this change is forming a caucus that includes likeminded students, parents, members of the civil society and members of the Senate and Congress. The members of the Senate and Congress can then sponsor a bill seeking to reverse this policy. The barrier that will most likely be met is an opposition by other caucuses which are affiliated to Liberals or Democrats. As believers of free will, these liberal caucuses are likely to argue that the choice should be left to the underage (NYC)

What are the most important parts of a financial statement for an Essay

What are the most important parts of a financial statement for an investor to look at when deciding on a long-term financial investment - Essay Example If an investor buys shares of a company whose profits have been deteriorating over the years then it is likely that the impact of the falling profits will also be reflected in the price of its shares. This will erode the value of the company’s shares and the investment will result in losses. For this reason a careful analysis of the financial statements is a must before taking a long position in the shares of the company. The investors must make investments from long term point of view as this gives them the power to exercise control over their investments. An intelligent investor must not focus on the short term movements in the market rather one should concentrate on intelligent selection (Bogle & Swensen, 2009, pp.40). Ideally the return on a long term investment should be 7% (Campbell et al., 2001). Stocks generally offer best possible returns over the long term (Bodnar, 2006, pp.121). For the period 1926 to 1998 the common stocks of large companies offered an annual return of 11.2 percent. When compared with other instruments it shows that the stocks offered a risk premium of 7.2 percent annually. Even though the returns earned on large cap and small cap stocks is higher as compared to other assets classes their returns are more volatile. The return on long term bonds issued by US government is 5.3 percent per year i.e. a real return of 2.2 percent. Though the returns on such bonds are less as compared to the stocks but their returns are comparatively less volatile when compared to volatility in stock returns (Reilly & Brown, 2002, pp.92). The financial statements comprise of- Income Statement, Cash flow Statement and Balance Sheet. Income Statement is an estimation of the profits incurred or losses suffered by the business over a specified period of time. Cash Flow Statement is a summary of the net cash position of the business. Balance Sheet is a summarized statement of the assets owned by the business and the liabilities owed by it. Using these

Effects of Substance Abuse on Prisoners in Austin Texas Assignment

Effects of Substance Abuse on Prisoners in Austin Texas - Assignment Example In this research of substance abuse in Texas, there are various shareholders. Healthcare organizations that are concerned with the welfare of the inmates, the criminal justice system that incorporates judges, attorneys, police officers, probation officers among others. Community stakeholders are also involved. These include the media, victims, families of the victims and community organizations in general. As discussed above, a researcher has to know his audience. The researcher determines who his audience is by conducting a prior audience analysis (Ellis & Walsh, 2010). Before the actual presentation, the researcher should gather information on the recipients of his presentation. He should profile the audience with respect to their knowledge of the subject matter, culture and age. This information is critical in helping the researcher to organize his presentation. The researcher should tailor his presentation to the needs and expectations of his audience. This will ensure that his presentation gets a positive reaction from the audience. The goal of a researcher is to communicate the research findings to the concerned stakeholders in an effective manner. Therefore, the mode and the medium of presentation are of utmost importance (Dantzker & Hunter, 2012). In this research on substance abuse in Texas, the researcher feels that a hybrid of more than one method of presentation will be effective in communicating the research findings. The researcher must communicate his message persuasively. Lecture method of presentation will be best for this. PowerPoint as a medium for presentation will be of importance. This will help in the display of charts and graphs in the presentation. Moreover, text reports will work well in communicating the researcher’s findings. Stakeholders who are not familiar with the subject of substance abuse in Texas will get the information from the report. Government executives and other officials may not have the time to read this report.  Ã‚  

Longitudinal study vs survey methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Longitudinal study vs survey methods - Essay Example This kind of a study is special in its nature in that the researcher is not required to interfere with the subjects of the study but, is required to use the same subjects in the conduct of the several phases of the study. Thus, a longitudinal study can establish a sequence of research events during its conduct. This form of study is very beneficial to a researcher in the sense that one is able to detect the changes or developments in the characteristics of the test subjects (sample population) either at the individual levels or at the group level. 1. Hutto, C.J., Yardi, S., & Gilbert. E., (2013). A Longitudinal Study of Follow Predictors on Twitter. CHI , 1-10. 2. Rajulton, F. (2001). The Fundamentals of Longitudinal Research: An Overview. Special Issue on Longitudinal Methodology, Canadian Studies in Population , Vol. 28 (2), 169-185. 3. Diamond, L. M. (2008). Female Bisexuality From Adolescence to Adulthood: Results From a 10-Year Longitudinal Study. Developmental Psychology , Vol. 44 (1), 5-14. 4. Huesmann, L. R., Moise-Titus, J., Podolski, C-L., Eron, L. D., (2003). Longitudinal Relations Between Children’s Exposure to TV Violence and Their Aggressive and Violent Behavior in Young Adulthood: 1977–1992. Developmental Psychology , Vol. 39 (2), 201-221. 5. Farrall, S. (2007). ... The chart below shows a summary of the benefits and challenges faced by this research method as shall be discussed later in the essay. PART 3 Survey method is a research method that studies individual units that have been sampled from the main population as well as the techniques of the data collection used in the survey such as the construction of the questionnaires. Consequently, a survey research method would look into the accuracy of the survey responses as well as the methods that can be used to improve their number. In most cases, the researcher undertakes the surveys so as to be able to make statistical inferences regarding the population under study (Zikmund, 2013). The chart below shows a summary of the benefits and challenges faced by this research method as shall be discussed later in the essay. PART 4 Longitudinal Research Method Survey Research Method Refers to an observational study that is conducted upon the same subjects or sample through the gathering of data repeate dly over a period of time. This period of time may extend to even one year or beyond like a decade Refers to a research method that studies individual units that have been sampled from the main population as well as the techniques of the data collection used in the survey such as the construction of the questionnaires. Benefits Challenges Benefits Challenges 1. It does allow the researchers to easily identify any changes or developments that may occur in the characteristics of the target or sample population both at the individual and group levels. 1. The observations by definition are not independent. As such the study must always account for the data dependency. 1. It is relatively easy to develop and to administer especially when using advanced survey

The Great Keystone Pipeline Debate Exercise Essay

The Great Keystone Pipeline Debate Exercise - Essay Example Even though, the project may not have started, it is estimated that it will create many jobs. It is estimated it will create close to 20,000 jobs, 7,000 in manufacturing and an extra 13,000 in construction. The state Department reports that as more than 40,000 jobs will be established directly and indirect. It is stated that by building the pipeline an estimated amount of about $3.4 billion would be contributed to the American economy (Swart, Neil and Andrew 2012) Moreover, the pipeline will create geopolitically secure position in contrast to other sources of oil used. It would create sustainable fuel use from Canada, a constant trading partner. Therefore, it increases energy security that comes from the Gulf Coast. It is because most of the oil comes from Middle East and Venezuela who are not reliable partners as compared to Canada (Swart, Neil and Andrew 2012) Additionally, it is considered that the establishment of this pipeline system would provide a safer option in transportation since the enormous quantity of oil transported from Canada would cause a lot of damage to U.S. This is happening through rail and these paths could be used to replace pipeline. Transportation of oil by rail is environmentally hazardous to the environment. More deaths as a result of tanker train would be reduced tremendously by constructing expanding pipeline. However, construction of the pipeline would have some adverse effects on the U.S. First it would cause and result in global warming that has the effect of damaging the U.S. GDP by almost 2%. The ripple effect will create a massive environmental impact causing global warming. It is also believed that the expansion of the pipeline has the risk factors associated with spilling to contamination of water and other materials. There is also the likelihood of pipe failure that carries oil making clean up of water

How effetive were the articles of confederation in establishing Assignment

How effetive were the articles of confederation in establishing cohesion between the thirteen states - Assignment Example 22). Articles of Confederation happened to be a written document that laid down the functions of a central government once the United States declared freedom from Great Britain. It brought into existence a frail central government that only partially prevented the individual states from carrying on with their own foreign diplomacy (Anastaplo 2006, p. 22). Articles of Confederation were contrived after the American War of Independence gained momentum. The states began to foresee the advantage of having some sort of a central government that coordinated the war efforts. The Articles of Confederation to a great extent succeeded in creating some sort of cohesion between the thirteen colonies. The Articles of Confederation brought into existence a national government commanding a sovereign authority. The Articles of Confederation also curtailed the rights and authority of the individual thirteen states from carrying on with their own independent foreign policy and foreign diplomacy. However, in a practical context the Articles only succeeded partially in restraining the independent states from doing so. For instance the state of Georgia continued to abide by its own sovereign foreign policy with regards to Spanish Florida (Anastaplo 2006, p. 195). Georgia threatened to annex the disputed territories in case the Spanish officials did not abide by the terms and conditions set by them regarding the belligerent Indian nations and the runaway slaves (Anastaplo 2006, p. 195). The Articles of confederation also prevented the federal government from stopping the landing of convicts which the British government exported to its colonies. Thereby, it does need to be mentioned that i n a practical context the Articles of Confederation did fail in bringing in some kind of steely cohesion between the thirteen states. Besides, the Articles of Confederation were innately replete with many built in flaws that made the

Ipl Teams Essay Example for Free

Ipl Teams Essay IPL 2012 with lot of expectations and fanfare is just about to roll out in a few days and as the history of this version of cricket shows, in the country which is now called to be the Mecca of cricket, IPL with its star lit, glamour rapped extravaganza is likely to become the talk of the time. This year after the heavy crash of Indian squads fighter jet in Australia, there had been a sudden drop of public interest in cricket but once the news of the auction of the players reached the media, the cricket fever started to spread. This mega tournament made the T20 version of cricket hugely popular across various cricket playing nations. This year there have been a lot of changes in the squads of the teams. Here we would provide IPL 2012 team overview with a brief introduction to the teams. Chennai Super Kings As the champion of previous year IPL 2012 and as the most consistent team in the short history of the tournament, there is a huge expectation level for this squad. Except the presence of a number of good cricketers there are some of the big names of the world cricket are in this team like, Michael Hussey, Mohender Singh Dhoni, Muthia Murlitharan, Scott Styris and Suresh Raina. Mumbai Indians It is the most starlit team in the IPL 2012 team overview. If India is now considered as the global centre of world cricket, Mumbai is the Mecca of Indian cricket and for all the past versions of the tournament this team consistently shown some extraordinary brilliance and though it still could not be the champion, for number of times it aroused immense expectations of making it to the top. Sachin Tendulkar as unarguably the greatest batsman in the history of the game belongs to this team with a host of great players like, Harbhajan Singh, Kieron Pollard, Lasith Malinga, Andrew Symonds, Michell Johnson, Harshell Gibbs and Robin John Peterson. It has probably the biggest fanfare among the participant squads. Kolkata Knight Riders This squad should be characterized as the most under-performing team in the IPL 2012 team overview. Though there had always been huge expectations from this team from the debut tournament to the last version, this team made almost a reputation of under-performing in regard to the ability and potential of the team squad. This team is one of the most star crowded as it is having a great number of bigwigs and promising stars of the game like, Gautam Gambhir, Brett Lee, Jacques Kallis, Brad Haddin, Eoin Morgan, Yusuf Pathan, Shane Bond, Shakib Al Hasan, Mark Boucher and Iqbal Abdullah. Delhi Daredevils This is a team which has been well known in the history of IPL as a great starter and in all the versions of IPL it had to quit without making up to the final. This team got some of the finest players both in the departments of bowling and batting. With Virender Sehwag, David Warner, Aaron Finch, Irfan Pathan and the costliest player of the tournament Ravindra Jadeja, this team has the potential to make to the pinnacle of glory. Kings xi Punjab This year Kings XI Punjab is expected to produce some stunning cricket extravaganza with a promising squad comprising some great players like the electrifying stylish batting legend Adam Gilchrist, David Hussey, Ryan Mclaren, Piyush Chawla and Shaun Marsh. Decan Chargers This team has a great ability of showing some great performances when repeated defeats just come close to make the teams future written off and with shocking brilliance it had changed the fate of many teams when everything started to look as predictable. With the likes of great players like, Kumar Sangakara, Kevin Petersen, Ishant Sharma, Pragyan Ojha this team is capable to cause many upsets . Royal Challengers Bangalore This squad is made of some of the great youthful players and can produce a lot of wonderful performances with the presence of players like, Chris Gayle, AB de Villiers, Mohammad Kaif, Tilakratne Dilshan, Daniel Vettori, Virat Kohli and Zaheer Khan. Pune Warriors This year the team got the old time heavy weight and former indian captain Sourav Ganguly. Though the team would heavily feel the absence of the big hitter and classy batter Yuvraj Singh, the team is capable of producing some brilliance performances with the presence of Graeme Smith, Jesse Ryder, Michell Marsh and Rahul Sharma. Rajasthan Royals This team is always reputed to have shown some great examples of fighting spirit. After the recent retirement from the international cricket Rahul Dravid as the new captain of the squad is expected to have some extra zeal to produce a memorable performance as a classy batsmen and his cool captaincy can prove to be an asset for the team. It has a great bowling line up with the presence of stalwarts like Shane Warne, Shaun Tait and Shane Watson and also a great line up of players with promising batsmen and all-rounders like Faiz Fazal, Jacob Oram and Ross Taylor. IPL 2012 team overview made one point clear that this year the tournament is going to experience more balance in the performance of the teams because of the presence of good number of international level of players in every team.